The Jabariyyah Sect

بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

al-Jabariyyah, the Determinist school, came to be named for their fundamental tenet denying human power to act and choose.  The Determinist opinion arose in Islam because the transcendental conception of Allah (s.w.t.) holds there to be no contradiction between the abstract or general acts of Allah (s.w.t.) and the delimited acts of human beings.  The former defines and delimits the latter, both in their generation, manifesting them in the visible world through the Divine Habit that ensured the conditions of human action, and their commission, like legal boundaries manifest themselves through the various Divine Commands of obligation and prohibition, to which humans ought to cleave in their actions. 

This school of thought conflates the Acts of Allah (s.w.t.) with everything consequent, and so understands attributing actions to any other than Him to be ascribing Him partners in His Lordship even though this is more properly the case only with reference to the Unrestricted Acts of Allah (s.w.t.), not the delimited acts of human beings.  Their conflation in fact resembles the approach of Idealists of Western philosophy such as Hegel.  The improbability of determinism in Islamic orthodoxy means that, contra certain Orientalists, it is not receptive to such Idealism.